The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders – Parent version (SCARED Parent) is a parent report scale used to screen for anxiety disorders in children (aged 8-18 years), including generalised anxiety, separation anxiety disorder, panic disorder and social phobia (Birmaher et al., 1997). There is also a child self-report version (SCARED Child).
The SCARED Parent consists of 41 items and has five factors that correspond with anxiety disorders outlined in the DSM:
The scale is designed to be used by clinicians as a screener for anxiety disorders in children, and can be used to track symptoms over time. If a child is aged between 8-11 years it is recommended that the clinician explain all questions, or have the child answer the questionnaire sitting with an adult in case they have any questions. It is recommended that both the parent and child version of the SCARED are administered due to the moderate correlation between the two versions.
The SCARED Parent Items are summed to obtain a raw score for the total and for each of the five subscales. Average scores are also presented to allow for a comparison between subscales. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety.
A total raw score of 25 or more may indicate the presence of an anxiety disorder.
Five factor scores are presented with associated cut-offs:
On first administration of the SCARED Parent a plot is presented of average scores to enable a comparison between subscales. Upon multiple administration the progress of therapy can be tracked using a plot demonstrating the change in average scores over time.
The 41 item version of the SCARED was developed by Birmaher and colleagues (1999). The scale was administered to 190 children and adolescents attending an outpatient mood/anxiety disorders clinic and their parents. The 190 children and adolescents were diagnosed with either an ‘anxiety’ (n = 45) or ‘nonanxiety’ (n = 145) disorder by a trained clinician.
Factor analysis yielded five subscales; (somatic/panic, general anxiety, separation anxiety, social phobia and school phobia). Moderate correlations were found between the parent and child version (Birmaher et al., 1999).
The SCARED has demonstrated good discriminate validity. Findings indicated that the total score and score for each of the five factors of the child SCARED significantly differentiated children with anxiety disorders from children with other disorders. Similar results were found for the total score and the panic/somatic and separation anxiety factor scores of the parent SCARED. For the most part scales on both the parent and child version of the SCARED were also able to significantly differentiate between anxiety disorders (Birmaher et al., 1999).
Many studies have confirmed the validity and reliability of the SCARED in both clinical and community samples (Hale et al., 2011).
Large discrepancies between parent and child SCARED scores are common and clinically informative rather than problematic. When children score higher than parents, explore whether the child experiences internal symptoms (worry thoughts, physical sensations) that aren’t visible to parents, or if they’re masking symptoms at home. This pattern is common in people-pleasing children or those with social anxiety who appear fine externally. When parents score higher, consider whether they’re observing behavioural signs the child doesn’t recognise as anxiety, or if parental anxiety is influencing perception. Age matters – younger children often under-report due to limited insight, making parent reports more reliable, whilst adolescents may be more accurate reporters of their internal experience. Rather than averaging scores or choosing one over the other, use discrepancies as conversation starters: “Your mum notices you seem worried about school, but you marked that as ‘not true.’ Can you help me understand what school is like for you?” Document both perspectives and monitor whether agreement improves as treatment progresses and communication enhances.
Parents often observe behavioural manifestations of anxiety that children may not recognise or report. Parents are particularly attuned to changes in routine, such as increased clinginess, new bedtime rituals, or avoidance of previously enjoyed activities. They notice physical complaints that follow patterns – stomachaches every Sunday night before school or headaches before social events. Parents also observe anxiety’s impact on the whole family, like how a child’s separation anxiety affects morning routines or how social anxiety limits family outings. Additionally, parents may recognise anxiety symptoms the child experiences as “normal” because they’ve always felt that way, particularly with generalised anxiety that develops gradually. Parents can also report on observable night-time symptoms like nightmares or difficulty falling asleep that the child might forget or minimise. This observational perspective is especially valuable for younger children who lack the emotional vocabulary or insight to describe internal anxiety states.
Parent reporting patterns vary based on several factors. Over-reporting often occurs when parents are highly anxious themselves, as they may project their own fears onto their child or catastrophise normal developmental worries. Parents experiencing stress, guilt about working long hours, or going through divorce might be hypervigilant to any sign of distress. Conversely, under-reporting happens when parents have limited opportunity to observe their child’s internal experience – they might miss school-based social anxiety or private worries the child masks at home. Cultural factors play a role too; some families view anxiety as weakness, leading to minimisation. Parents may also under-report if they fear judgment about their parenting or worry about their child being labelled. High-functioning anxious children who maintain good grades often have symptoms missed by parents focused on achievement. Understanding these patterns helps clinicians probe further when scores seem inconsistent with clinical presentation.
When children refuse assessment whilst parents report significant anxiety, this resistance itself is diagnostically meaningful. School refusal, selective mutism, or severe social anxiety might manifest as inability to engage with assessment. In these cases, the SCARED Parent version becomes the primary assessment tool, supplemented by clinical observation. Start by using only the parent version to establish baseline symptoms and treatment targets. Document observed anxiety behaviours during sessions – does the child hide behind parents, refuse eye contact, or show physical signs of distress? Consider modified assessment approaches: having parents ask the child SCARED questions conversationally at home, using drawings or play to explore worries with younger children, or starting with less threatening measures. Some children engage better with digital assessments completed privately. The SCARED Parent can guide initial treatment planning, with goals including increasing the child’s assessment participation. As rapport builds and anxiety decreases, children often become willing to complete self-reports, allowing for more comprehensive assessment over time.
The SCARED Parent version serves as a powerful engagement tool by validating parental concerns with concrete data. When parents see their observations reflected in standardised scores and percentiles, it confirms their instincts that something needs attention. The subscale breakdown helps parents understand that anxiety isn’t monolithic – their child might have severe separation anxiety but minimal social anxiety, making treatment feel more manageable and targeted. Sharing results facilitates psychoeducation: “Your rating shows your child’s physical anxiety symptoms are at the 95th percentile, which explains those frequent stomachaches.” The measure provides a common language between clinicians and parents, moving discussions from vague concerns to specific symptoms. Parents can track progress objectively – seeing scores decrease validates their effort in supporting treatment. The SCARED also identifies how parents might inadvertently accommodate anxiety (revealed through separation anxiety items), opening discussions about family involvement in treatment. Regular completion helps parents become better observers of anxiety patterns, noticing triggers and early warning signs that inform relapse prevention planning.
Birmaher, B., Khetarpal, S., Brent, D., Cully, M., Balach, L., Kaufman, J., & Neer, S. M. (1997). The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): scale construction and psychometric characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(4), 545–553. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199704000-00018
Birmaher, B., Khetarpal, S., Brent, D., Cully, M., Balach, L., Kaufman, J., & Neer, S. M. (1997). The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): scale construction and psychometric characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(4), 545–553. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199704000-00018
Birmaher, B., Brent, D. A., Chiappetta, L., Bridge, J., Monga, S., & Baugher, M. (1999). Psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): a replication study. Journal of the American academy of child & adolescent psychiatry, 38(10), 1230-1236. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199910000-00011
Hale, W. W., 3rd, Crocetti, E., Raaijmakers, Q. A., & Meeus, W. H. (2011). A meta-analysis of the cross-cultural psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 52(1), 80–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02285.x